How to Use This Reference
Signs & Symptoms
4–6 high-yield, pathognomonic findings the NREMT actually tests. Quick-scan bullets only — not exhaustive lists.
Key Differential
The condition most students confuse this with, and the one finding that separates them. This is the reasoning skill NREMT rewards.
Red Flag
The single most dangerous presentation or complication. If you see this, something is about to go very wrong.
Airway &
Respiratory
Respiratory
7 conditions
Asthma · COPD · Pneumonia · Pulmonary embolism · Pneumothorax · Pulmonary edema · Anaphylaxis
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Cardiology
7 conditions
Acute MI · Unstable angina · Heart failure · Cardiogenic shock · Tamponade · Aortic dissection · Cardiac arrest
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Neurology
6 conditions
Ischemic stroke · Hemorrhagic stroke · TIA · Seizure · Altered mental status · Bell's palsy
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Trauma
8 conditions
Hypovolemic shock · Tension PTX · Tamponade · Flail chest · TBI · Spinal cord · Pelvic fracture · Compartment syndrome
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Medical /
GI / GU
GI / GU
7 conditions
Acute abdomen · GI bleed · Sepsis · DKA · Hypoglycemia · AKI / urinary retention · Anaphylaxis
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OB /
Pediatrics
Pediatrics
5 conditions
Pre-eclampsia / eclampsia · Abruption vs previa · Pediatric respiratory · Pediatric dehydration / shock · SIDS
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Toxicology &
Environmental
Environmental
6 conditions
Opioid OD · Sympathomimetic OD · Cholinergic poisoning · Carbon monoxide · Heat stroke · Hypothermia
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Behavioral
4 conditions
Excited delirium · Suicide risk · Acute psychosis · Panic attack vs cardiac
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